INTRODUCTION
Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection that affects the throat and airways causing severe breathing difficulties and potentially life threatening complications. Recently Nigeria has recorded a significant outbreak of diphtheria with over one thousand two hundred and sixty nine deaths reported across eighteen states since twenty twenty two. The total confirmed cases have reached twenty four thousand eight hundred and four as of January twenty six twenty twenty five. This alarming situation calls for urgent action from health authorities and the general public.
WHAT IS DIPHTHERIA
Diphtheria is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be transmitted by touching contaminated objects or surfaces. The disease primarily affects children but adults can also contract it if they are not vaccinated.
SYMPTOMS OF DIPHTHERIA
1) Early symptoms include sore throat mild fever and weakness.
2) A thick gray or white coating forms on the throat and tonsils making it difficult to breathe and swallow.
3) Swollen lymph nodes in the neck commonly known as bull neck.
4) Difficulty breathing and rapid heart rate.
5) In severe cases diphtheria can lead to heart failure paralysis and even death.
WHY IS THE OUTBREAK INCREASING
Several factors have contributed to the rapid spread of diphtheria in Nigeria including
1) Low vaccination rates among children and adults.
2) Poor access to healthcare in rural and underserved communities.
3) Overcrowded living conditions which facilitate the spread of airborne diseases.
4) Lack of awareness about diphtheria and its prevention.
HOW TO PREVENT DIPHTHERIA
A) Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent diphtheria. The diphtheria vaccine is given as part of the pentavalent vaccine for children and booster doses are recommended for adults.
B) Good hygiene practices such as regular handwashing and covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing help reduce transmission.
C) Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with antibiotics and diphtheria antitoxin can save lives.
D) Public health awareness campaigns are essential to educate people about the risks and prevention of diphtheria.
CALL TO ACTION
The current diphtheria outbreak in Nigeria requires urgent attention. Parents should ensure their children receive the complete vaccination schedule. Health workers should intensify efforts in identifying and treating cases early. Government and non governmental organizations must collaborate to increase vaccine accessibility and promote public awareness.
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